University of California at Irvine researchers have uncovered an important source of inflammation seen in people with chronic kidney disease.

ND Vaziri, MD, professor emeritus of medicine and physiology & biophysics, found that CKD causes massive depletion of the key adhesive proteins, called the tight junction, that normally seal the space between the cells lining the intestines. This breakdown in the colon allows the leakage of microbial products and other noxious material into the body's internal environment, accounting for the persistent systemic inflammation that frequently occurs in CKD patients.

"In fact, low levels of bacterial endotoxins are often noted in the blood of individuals with advanced chronic kidney disease," Vaziri said. "However, the source and place of entry of these toxins were previously unknown."

Understanding the connection between CKD and tight junction disintegration, he added, could lead to novel treatments to curb this inflammation and its many adverse consequences. Study results appear online in the journal Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation.

Intestinal microbes produce various compounds that, outside the gastrointestinal tract, can provoke inflammation without infection. The intestines normally prevent microbes, noxious microbial byproducts and other harmful material from entering the body's internal environment. Key to this containment are the cells lining the digestive system and a complex set of adhesive proteins that seal the space between them, much like grout between tiles.

Vaziri and his team are currently exploring therapeutic interventions to limit disintegration of this barrier.